Monday, November 30, 2015

Economic Life of Iceland

Agriculture of Iceland

http://www.matrixfiles.com/CB/the-hallmarks-of-an-israeli-operationhtml.html
 
About 78% of Iceland is agriculturally unproductive, and only about 1% of the land area is actually used for cultivation. Of this amount, 99% is used to cultivate hay and other fodder crops, with the remaining 1% used for potato and fodder root production. There were about 4,000 full-time farmers in the 1990s, with about 75% living on their own land; some holdings have been in the same family for centuries. In the 19th century and earlier, agriculture was the chief occupation, but by 1930, fewer than 36% of the people devoted their energies to farming, and the proportion has continued to fall.
 
 
Hay is the principal crop; other crops are potatoes, turnips, oats, and garden vegetables. In hot-spring areas, vegetables, flowers and even tropical fruits are cultivated for domestic consumption in  green houses heated with hot water from the springs. Besides hay and other fodder crops, about 9,000 tons of potatoes were made in 1999. There are agricultural institutions in Borgarfjörur, Hjaltadalur, Hvanneyri, and Reykir; between 15–20% of all farmers have finished an agricultural degree program
http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Europe/Iceland-AGRICULTURE.html

 
The farmers shown in the images above are volunteers of the SEEDS program of Iceland. They work on an organic farm located in the eastern part of Iceland harvesting different types of vegetables by hand such as : potatoes, beets, and lettuce. the farmers then use these vegetables to povide fresh and organic food for the people near by. this organization invites people from all around the world to join them and help with the farm. there are even rooms available for people interested wh would be visiting internationally.
 
 
www.savingiceland.org
 
Currently in Iceland there is much debate over the massive aluminum smelter located on the harbor. The factory was good for exporting good around the world and bringing in money that way.  The plant produced nearly 300,000 tons of aluminum a year, to be shipped to customers around the world.
 
When Iceland's economy collapsed in 2008, pushing the country to the brink of bankruptcy, production at the smelters continued, which helped keep exports alive through two years of recession. Now a budding economic recovery is underway, and Iceland is on track for a faster return to sustained growth than other debt-ridden nations in Europe, such as Greece or Ireland. But that has only stoked a fierce debate over how big a role aluminum production should play in the future of this sparsely populated island. The metal already accounts for about one-seventh of Iceland's entire economic output.
 

http://articles.latimes.com/2011/mar/26/business/la-fi-iceland-economy-20110326

Manufacturing and Service Industries 

Iceland's Scandinavian-type social-market economy combines a capitalist structure and free-market principles with an extensive welfare system. Prior to the 2008 crisis, Iceland had achieved high growth, low unemployment, and a remarkably even distribution of income. The economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, which provides 40% of export earnings, more than 12% of GDP, and employs nearly 5% of the work force. It remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to fluctuations in world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon.

outdooruae.com

While a small country, Iceland has a strong industrial sector that accounts for 21 percent of its GDP. Like its 2 other main economic sectors, industry in Iceland is centered on its natural resources. Fish processing, aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production, and geothermal power are its main industries

http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Iceland.html#ixzz3t20wPRbi
Aluminum smelter: Iceland. www.savingiceland.org
 
Many groups of people are coming together in the hopes of getting rid of aluminum smelters, and not adding anymore to the coasts of Iceland. While carbon emissions, Fluoride pollution, indigenous destruction, and weapons manufacture associated with aluminium production continue to rise those are just a few of the harmful reasons why aluminum smelting is controversial. This is a current debate that continues to be discussed in Iceland today.


Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2015.

Chu, Henry. "Iceland Divided over Aluminum's Role in Its Future." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 26 Mar. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2015.                         

"ICELAND." Iceland. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2015.

"Saving Iceland." Saving Iceland. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. 

SEEDS 72. Fljótsdalshérað - Icelandic North-east." SEEDS. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2015.                      

Sunday, November 15, 2015

Ethinities of the Icelandic Regions



Ethnic Groups

  • Icelanders are the national group or ethnic group of Iceland descended primarily from Norsemen of Scandinavia and Celts from Ireland and Scotland.
  • The main ethnic groups of Iceland are: Icelanders, decendands of Norwegian, Celts 98%, Swedish .5%, and Danish .4%
britain on Yahoo! Maps, Driving Directions and Traffic


  • Historical and DNA records indicate that around 60 to 80 percent of the settlers were of Nordic origin (primarily from Western Norway) and the rest were of Celtic stock from the British Isles.
  • Currently, only 4-6% of Icelandic citizens are immigrants from Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Language

  • Icelandic is the national language and is believed to have changed very little from the original tongue spoken by the Norse settlers. English and Danish are widely spoken and understood.
  • German and French are taught in grammar school and other upper secondary level schools, so many can speak these languages.
  • Icelandic has two unique letter-characters of its own, Þ/þ and Ð/ð, which were used in Old English. "Þ" is pronounced as "th" in "thing" and "Ð" is pronounced as the "th" in "them".

Religion

  • Religious affiliations: Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 76.2%, Roman Catholic 3.4%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.9%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 1.9%, The Independent Congregation 1%, other religions 3.6% (includes Pentecostal and Asatru Association), none 5.2%, other or unspecified 5.9% (2013 est.)
  • The early settlers of Iceland were pagan, but by the 10th Century, pressure to convert to Christianity led many Icelanders to accept the new faith. The conflict between religions would result in several civil conflicts over the next century. Iceland consecrated its first bishop in 1056.
Reykjavik Free Church established in 1899


 

Government

  • Iceland is a constitutional republic with a multi-party system.
  • The head of state is the President. The president is elected by direct popular vote for a term of four years, with no term limit Executive power is exercised by the Government. 
  • Iceland is arguably the world's oldest parliamentary democracy, with the Parliament, the Althingi, established in 930.
  • Legislative power is vested in both the Parliament and the President. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.


President of Iceland, Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson to attend Icelandic Fisheries Exhibition 2014
President of Iceland, Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
 
 
 
 
 
"Icelandic Ethnic Groups and Languages." Icelandic Ethnic Groups and Languages. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2015.
 
 "How Is Iceland Governed?" Government Offices. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2015.



Monday, October 26, 2015

Population Statistics



Iceland is located in Northern Europe. It is an island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the United Kingdom.


Geographic Coordinates: 65 00 N, 18 00 W

Ethnic Groups: homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%, population of foreign origin 6%

Religions: Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 73.8%, Roman Catholic 3.6%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.9%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 2%, The Independent Congregation 1%, other religions 3.9% (includes Pentecostal and Asatru Association), none 5.6%, other or unspecified 7.2% (2015 est.)

Population total:331,918 (July 2015 est.)

Population by age group:
0-14 years: 20.43% (male 34,653/female 33,161)
15-24 years: 14.03% (male 23,661/female 22,914)
25-54 years: 40.09% (male 67,183/female 65,871)
55-64 years: 11.67% (male 19,502/female 19,230)
65 years and over: 13.78% (male 21,344/female 24,399) (2015 est.)


 
Median age:
total: 36 years
male: 35.4 years
female: 36.7 years (2015 est.)


Population growth rate: 1.21% (2015 est.)


Birth rate: 13.91 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)


Death rate:  6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)




Urbanization:
urban population: 94.1% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major urban area:
REYKJAVIK (capital) 184,000 (2014
Reykjavik (capital)


Infant mortality rate:
total: 2.06 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 2.2 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 1.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)


Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 82.97 years
male: 80.81 years
female: 85.22 years (2015 est.)

Total fertility rate:
2.02 children born/woman (2015 est.)

Health expenditures:
9.1% of GDP (2013)

Physicians density:
3.48 physicians/1,000 population (2012)

Obesity rate:
23.9% (2014)



Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2015.











Saturday, October 17, 2015

Three Thematic Maps

Thematic maps:

are designed to show different themes in a particular location. In this section of the blog I chose three different types of thematic maps to represent Iceland. I chose Iceland as my point of focus because it is a place that I have always wanted to visit. From what I have seen on the internet and from what I have read, I think Iceland is a beautiful place that is like no other in the world.

Isopleth Map

Uses lines connecting places of equal distribution. In this example it is showing the temperature of Iceland in high detail.
Source: www.bestcountryreports.com

 

Dot Distribution Map:

Uses dots to represent a particular feature and relys on spatial patterns. This particular map is representing the population density of Iceland.

Source: www.stockmapagency.com
 
 

Cartogram Map:

uses spatial geometry. the spaces on the map are distorted to show a particular attribute such as population which is depicted in this map.
Source: www.flickr.com